Vocal Advice

Answer: Timbre refers to the “quality” and “color” of a person’s voice.  We end up describing timbre in non-scientific language, appealing to other realms and senses.  Thus we say that one person’s voice is light, lyric, creamy, or dark, heavy, dramatic.  Lot’s of other adjectives are used also “velvety” “brassy” “nasally” “hooty” etc., but some of these may actually be describing vocal faults. When applied to finding a voice classification or voice type, one has to be VERY CAREFUL.  Timbre is only ONE criterion in determining voice classification and is one that can be misleading to inexperienced voice teachers.  Some classic pitfalls are to assume that a lyric voice is a “high voice” and a dramatic or heavy voice is a “low voice.”  This is simply WRONG, because there are lyric basses and lyric baritones just as there are lyric contraltos and mezzos … not just tenors and sopranos.  Likewise, assuming that a heavy dramatic voice is low is equally wrong.  There are dramatic tenors and dramatic sopranos.  I think only an experienced voice teacher can use timbre … and that after other criteria are factored to make an accurate judgment on voice classification.

The other criteria for discovering a person’s voice classification are RANGE, TESSITURA, and TRANSITION POINTS.

Obviously range is going to mark the compass of a person’s singing voice.  To choose a classification in which literature demands singing notes outside a person’s range is a clear evidence of wrong classification.  If you call yourself a tenor, then you must be able to sing tenor literature.  If you call yourself a tenor but cannot sing tenor literature, perhaps the only one deceived is yourself.

But range by itself is also insufficient for arriving accurately at one’s voice classification.  “Tessitura” is usually applied to music itself, for example a song.  Tessitura indicates the relative AREA of the range where MOST of the notes lie in any given song.  Applied to the voice, this means that every singer is going to have an AREA in his/her range in which s/he can sing with greatest comfort, flexibility, expressiveness and STAMINA.  E.g., A man may have a range that makes singing high A’s (above middle C) possible, but be uncomfortable sustaining that beyond a moment or two.  The ability to linger and enjoy those high notes endlessly simply isn’t there … but he’s most comfortable singing between D (above middle C) and the D below.  His tessitura would suggest that while some higher baritone literature may be in order once in a while–allowing for a high A on then off again–his tessitura (the area of his vocal comfort) is more like a baritone’s.  The area of the range (tessitura) where a singer predominantly finds most resonance and stamina should be a key ingredient in determining voice classification.

Transition points refers to those notes in the vocal range where there seems to be a natural change of quality.  This happens clearly in some singers and not at all in others.  Without going into detail on the various voice types, generalizations are made as to where the “changes” occurs in each voice classification.  While this criterion can be useful (to a limited degree) by an experienced voice teacher, it is advisable to tell you that it is also far from foolproof.  Singers can learn to make a transition on any of several pitches.  The transition points also tend to vary depending on what vowel is sung.  Another problem can be that some student singers who will not accept their real classification adopt a “lift” note of their own desired classification to prove their point.  I would say that this criterion is probably used best by an experienced voice teacher on untrained voices.

So, there you have it.  Arriving at a person’s voice type entails a knowing and using the criteria of RANGE, TIMBRE, TESSITURA and possibly TRANSITION POINTS.

Hope this is helpful … and not overwhelming.  Best wishes.

ANSWER:

Assuming that a singer has a useful two-octave range (a mature singer will have this), baritones will find their upper useful limit to be G, A-flat or A above middle C - and down two octaves.

A Bass finds E-flat above middle C to be uncomfortable to sustain and is often his upper limit and he is much more comfortable staying in the lower half of his range.  In a choral situation, he’ll find low D’s and sometimes a low C within the realm of possibility.

Beyond these two designations are those singers who find themselves between these designations or lower than other parts.  A bass-baritone’s useful range is about F to F, and a basso-profundo’s useful range is low C to middle C with access to even lower notes frequently being available in choral situations (not solo).

I’m a 41 year-old soprano.  I have been a soprano all my life. Recently, I joined the alto section of the church choir because the Alto section is very weak. After a few weeks, I have started to feel throat pain when I sing.  I also get hoarse after singing low for a while.  Is there such as thing as singing too low?   Can you strain your voice singing below your range?

Answer: Very simply the answer is YES - there is such a thing as singing too low and Yes, you can strain your voice by singing in a range that is uncomfortable to sustain for long periods.  Don’t do it.  Strain from singing too high is the more common occurence.  But all the same the answer is yes - you can - and are straining your voice if you have throat pain after singing “alto” in choir.  Requiring your voice to continue to sing too low will ultimately damage the voice.

Every voice (singer) not only has the range within which notes can be reached - but there is also an area where stamina, beauty, comfort occurs with ease.  As a soprano you need to sing in the soprano tessitura to preserve your voice.  Regardless of the needs of the choir - you should be singing soprano - and only join the altos–if absolutely necessary–in passages that are “high” for them.  You’d still be helping the alto section - but in a manageable part of your range.

Thank you for asking this question - I’m sure many others will benefit from this information too.

A word to the wise.  Best wishes.

I’m 26.  I have been singing for a very long time and I am a vocal performance major in school.  I am classified as a soprano, however, I have not been able to sing above an E-flat6 without some kind of vocal strain.  Some days my D6’s sound better than others.  However, I remember practicing a D6 and C6 and the next day I was super sore.  In my voice lessons I usually vocalize up to a D6 or at least C6 and I am never sore and B-flat5 is a breeze.  I have a very low voice as well.  I can sing all the way down to a G3 sometimes lower. I feel like I need to be able to own an e6 to make it in the soprano world of operatic literature but I am so tired of trying to hit those higher notes.  I read Renee Fleming’s book and found out she did not have high notes either.  This gives me hope because she could not hit above the staff at all.  However, I don’t understand how to approach these high notes (especially the whistle register) I mean how can you tell when you have hit the top. They say true sopranos can’t hit low notes but Fleming has low and high notes as well as Mariah.  I think I might have just not learned enough technique yet but I don’t want to keep trying for these notes if I am never going to get them.

1. Answer: At 26 your voice is close to reaching its full physical maturity.  Inasmuch as you have had years of training but you are finding that the notes above “high C” are a strain, or cause soreness after practicing them - then your body is telling you that your best range is lower - as you say.  Vocalizing briefly up to D or E above high C is one thing.  Being able to use those notes in song literature is another.  But before I wipe the idea of the notes in “whistle register” out completely let me say just a word or two about that.

2. Not all women have the whistle register available to them.  So, you would not be unusual if you found “hanging around” up there to be a real source of strain.

3. Typically, sopranos who do move into the whistle register when vocalizing do so just to touch a note momentarily and descend again.  The sound is not big - it is small.  Don’t try to make a big sound in whistle register.  Sing these notes ‘by feel,’ listening only to tune the notes.  The vocal apparatus is at its most tense, and the vowel posture is what I call in “the apple bite” position; that is, the jaw and lips are at their most open.  Imagine fitting an entire apple into your mouth.  Well, of course you wouldn’t - and you also couldn’t.  But in the attempt you’d open your mouth - in every direction - as widely as possible.  This is typically necessary for notes in the whistle register.

4. Just because a singer doesn’t have notes such as E above high C doesn’t mean that she is not a soprano.  Only a very small percentage of literature requires notes higher than C6 - and most soprano literature doesn’t even require that.  The question I would ask is - in what part of your range are you most comfortable lingering?  If you are comfortable with the preponderance of soprano literature that fits your voice type in which the range ascends up to B-flat, B or C6 - then know that you are a soprano; just not one to be singing Mozart’s Queen of the Night.

5. On the other hand, if you find literature that uses a lower tessitura - songs where the preponderance of notes hang in the mid or lower part of your range - more comfortable to sing, then it might be wise for you to explore mezzo-soprano literature.  Mezzo-sopranos typically have a very wide range - but stamina for remaining high they’d agree is not theirs.  Mezzos can “zing” high Cs - but they don’t want to stay up there.  If this reflects where you are, you’d be wise to choose literature that is more comfortable on your voice.  You’ll save your voice in the process as well as give yourself a longer and happier singing career.

Based on what you’ve told me, I think you fit one of the scenarios described in my answer - paragraphs 4 or 5.

I hope this has been helpful.  Best wishes to you.

I am either a bass or baritone – or somewhere in between and have sung in choirs for several years.  I love to sing, but in the more advanced music, I find myself “reaching” to get high notes or sometimes the other way, reaching for low notes that are not comfortably in my range.

Answer: You ask a perfectly legitimate question.  This is a subject that is important to a young man of your age.  The answer to your question is: The range is broadened GRADUALLY.

You have had the opportunity to sing in various choral ensembles already and will continue to do so.  Since you have found challenges singing some of the higher notes in your voice part, or some of the lowest notes – or both, it is natural for you to desire to develop your vocal range such that you can negotiate the extremes of range comfortably.  Let me encourage you first by telling you that a somewhat limited range is not unusual in a young man your age.  Every person develops at his or her own rate.  Young singers your age often find themselves with a limited range.  This will likely not remain so indefinitely, as long as you continue to sing regularly in the days, weeks and years to come.

If you will begin a regimen – a daily routine – vocalizing every day for ten to thirty minutes – in addition to your choral ensemble singing, and devote that time to warming up your voice and extending your range incrementally, you will find that over time your range will grow in one or both directions, up and down.

Elsewhere on my blog I have an article specifically about warming up the voice.  This applies directly to your question.  Part of the purpose of vocal warm-ups is to extend the range.  Read it and follow those directions.

The only thing that I would add to that article is that, at nineteen, while you can expect your voice to develop – you ought not to expect overnight results.  Your voice [the larynx itself] is in a developmental and maturing phase.  So, warming up the voice daily, and learning good singing habits are the keys to good vocal development.  Your vocal range will grow over the next three or four years.

Please find and use specific warm-ups as most benefit you.  Just as a reminder:  you should begin with “small-range” figures at first in a comfortably low part of your range.  Then with each repetition ascend by a half-step until you reach your upper vocal limit.  At this point you should “turn the corner” and descend by half-steps to your lowest limit.  Subsequent vocal figures can be increasingly larger and cover the span of a 5th or 6th and then an octave, etc.  Over time you will discover that one end of your range – or both – will find a new limit.  Your vocal range will be growing.  Let this be a matter of discovery – rather than attempting to force either higher or lower notes so as to “become” some predetermined voice classification.  I have left off a lot of information that deals with the question of extending the range – but as I say, more of that is covered elsewhere on my blog.

As always, I feel strongly, that if you desire to pursue singing seriously, your best plan is to study with a reliable voice teacher.  Best wishes to you.